3- The five kingdoms

3-1.Monera Kingdom

• Organisms are all unicellular.
• They have no separate nucleus.
• Bacteria are the largest group .
• They can cause illnesses but are also used in the process of fermentation and decomposition

3-2. Protist Kingdom

• They can be unicellular or multicellular.
• They have a nucleus .
• They are usually found in water or damp environments
• Algae and amoebae belong to the Protist Kingdom.

  

3-3. Fungi Kingdom

• Fungi are found all over the world, in all environments.
• Some are very small but others form large structures.  
• Their cells have a nucleus 
• They can be unicellular or multicellular.
• Some fungi such as mushrooms can be eaten; others such as yeast are used to make bread.
• Fungi help with decomposition, which is vital for the environment.

    

  

3-4. Plant Kingdom

• All organisms in the Plant kingdoms are multicellular and their cells have a nucleus.
• Plants  produce their own food using energy from the Sun. This process is called photosynthesis.
• Plants do not move from place to place, but they react to stimuli such as light and water.

• Plants are classified according to how they reproduce:

1-Flowering plants produce flowers in order to reproduce sexually . The flowers produce seeds within a fruit to reproduce.  They represent the largest and most diverse group within the kingdom. 

  

  

2-Non-flowering plants do not produce seeds; they reproduce asexually  using  spores.They include ferns and mosses .

    

                  Musgos                                                      Helechos

3-5. Animal Kingdom

• Animals cannot produce their own food; they feed off other living organisms.
• Most animals can move about and interact with their environment.
• Animals are classified according to their body structure: 

1-Invertebrates are animals that do not have an internal skeleton. They include insects, worms, jellyfish, snails and starfish.

  

2-Vertebrates are animals with an internal skeleton. They include fish, birds, amphibians, reptiles and mammals. Most vertebrates have a well-developed nervous system, which means they can develop a brain and intelligence.